Applications of iPSCs on Cartilage Regeneration

Inflammatory diseases of the joint, such as osteoarthritis (OA), are characterized by the degeneration of cartilage, which leads to a loss of joint functionality and persistent pain if not treated properly. However, the field lacks effective treatments for this disease. The existing options may relieve symptoms, but it is hard to prevent future degeneration. Tissue engineering technologies, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer significant potential in developing personalized and effective treatments for joint diseases by producing artificial cartilage for replacement therapy. In this review, current developments in tissue engineering for joint diseases are discussed, with a particular focus on advancements in utilizing iPSCs for cartilage regeneration. The mechanisms by which iPSCs can be directed to differentiate into cartilage tissues and the strategies employed to enhance their therapeutic potential are discussed. Additionally, preclinical and clinical studies have explored the use of iPSCs in cartilage regeneration. The matrix production and stiffness of the implant have shown potential for clinical applications. Future studies may focus on the ethical considerations of employing this technology, safety hazards, and optimization of protocols to get a safe, cost-friendly, and efficient therapeutic pipeline.