Review of Brain-Computer Interface Applications in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

This paper explores the transformative potential of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology in the context of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) treatment. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that severely limits motor function and communication abilities. It necessitates innovative solutions beyond current palliative care. BCIs offer direct brain-to-device communication, enabling ALS patients to regain autonomy through tasks like communication, environmental control, and mobility. This paper synthesizes recent advancements in BCI technology relevant to ALS, discussing non-invasive and invasive approaches, functional applications, and current research challenges. It emphasizes the benefits of BCIs in enhancing quality of life and mental well-being for ALS patients while also addressing ethical considerations such as informed consent and data privacy. Future directions include hybrid BCI development, machine learning integration, and equitable access strategies. By identifying current progress and remaining hurdles, this review aims to inform ongoing research efforts and policy development toward more effective and inclusive ALS treatments.