Overview of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Diagnosis and Treatment

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is crucial for maintaining knee joint stability and is a common site of injury, especially among professional athletes engaged in high-intensity sports. Treatment of ACL injuries ranges from conservative approaches to surgical interventions, with severe injuries typically necessitating surgical reconstruction. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is considered the gold standard for treating ACL injuries. ACL repair techniques have been increasingly applied in clinical settings, aiming to preserve ACL remnants and minimize tissue trauma. Dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS) and bridge-enhanced ACL repair (BEAR) are two emerging repair techniques. DIS uses a spring device to maintain knee stability and promote biological healing of the ACL. BEAR involves using an implant and the patient's blood to stimulate ligament healing, showing promising postoperative recovery. Biological enhancement repair techniques employ stem cells and growth factors to promote ligament recovery, offering potential clinical applications.