GRB 211024B: An Ultra-long GRB Powered by Magnetar
Abstract Ultra-long gamma-ray bursts are characterized by exceptionally long-duration central engine activities, with characteristic timescales exceeding 1000 s. We present ground-based optical afterglow observations of the ultra-long gamma-ray burst GRB 211024B, detected by Swift. Its X-ray light curve exhibits a characteristic “internal plateau” with a shallow decay phase lasting approximately ∼15 ks, followed by a steep decline ( α drop ∼ −7.5). Moreover, the early optical emission predicted by the late r -band optical afterglow is significantly higher than the observed value, indicating an external shock with energy injection. To explain these observations, we propose a magnetar central engine model. The magnetar collapses into a black hole due to spin-down or hyperaccretion, leading to the observed steep break in the X-ray light curve. The afterglow model fitting reveals that the afterglow injection luminosity varies with different assumptions of the circumburst medium density, implying different potential energy sources. For the interstellar medium case with a fixed injection end time, the energy may originate from the magnetar’s dipole radiation. However, in other scenarios, relativistic jets produced by the magnetar/black hole system could be the primary energy source.
Authors
- Д. А. Канн (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2902-3583)
- P. Jakobsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-5650)
- A. de Ugarte Postigo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-5085)
- J. P. U. Fynbo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-8298)
- Shao-Yu Fu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7730-3985)
- Zi-Pei Zhu
- D. Malesani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-326X)
- D. Paris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-8114)
- E. Maiorano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-4355)
- A. Rossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-6538)
- D. Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-9435)
- Jie An (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-0079)
- Wei‐Hua Lei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1526)
- Xing Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-5085)
- Xing Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-3109)
- Jianyan Wei
- Shuai-Qing Jiang
- Tian-Hua Lu
Institutions
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Aix-Marseille Université (FR)
- Astronomical Observatory of Rome (IT)
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (CN)
- Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (FR)
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES)
- National Astronomical Observatories (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- National Institute for Astrophysics (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2024-12-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8886
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.99
Funders
- Ohio State University
- University of Minnesota
- Aarhus Universitet
- University of Notre Dame
- University of Leicester
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
- Universitetet i Oslo
- Háskóli Íslands
- Turun Yliopisto
- Stockholms Universitet