Fault-Tolerant Control Implemented for Sustainable Active and Reactive Regulation of a Wind Energy Generation System

This paper presents the design of a fault-tolerant control system based on fault estimation, aimed at enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of a wind energy conversion system using a doubly-fed induction generator. The control architecture comprises a rotor-side converter (RSC) and a grid-side converter (GSC). The RSC is responsible for regulating both active and reactive power, and its model incorporates two linear subsystem representations. A fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is developed using a state-feedback controller; this controller is applied to regulate stator and rotor currents. Additionally, for comparison purposes, Proportional–Integral (PI) and Sliding-Mode Controllers (SMCs) are designed to analyze the performance of each controller. Furthermore, a proportional integral observer is employed in the proposed fault-tolerant scheme for actuator fault estimation. Fault detection is achieved by comparing the fault estimation signal with a predefined threshold. The main contribution of this work is the design and validation of a comprehensive active FTC scheme that enhances system reliability and sustainability. It also includes a performance analysis comparing three controllers (PI, SMC, and state-feedback) applied to the RSC. These controllers are evaluated for their ability to regulate active and reactive power in a wind energy conversion system under conditions of non-constant actuator faults.