Localized Biopesticide Application Using UAVs for the Control of Migratory Locusts in Kazakhstan

The migratory locust has become a principal threat to agricultural production in Kazakhstan, exacerbating risks posed by drought, fires, and other natural disasters.The widespread and persistent use of chemical pesticides, often referred to as "chemical press" tactics, has been the conventional approach to locust control.However, such methods are associated with escalating costs, environmental contamination, and the development of pesticide resistance.In response, alternative strategies that focus on preventive control and localized treatment have been explored.This approach aims to mitigate the negative ecological impacts of indiscriminate pesticide application by targeting locust populations with biological control agents and low-toxicity plant protection products in identified foci.This study evaluates the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the precision application of biopesticides in Kazakhstan's locust-affected regions.Orthophotographic maps generated from UAV imagery were employed to detect locust presence based on indirect diagnostic indicators.These maps facilitated the identification of locust aggregations, which were subsequently treated with biologically based pest management solutions.The effectiveness of UAV-based localized treatments was assessed, demonstrating significant control over locust populations in focal areas, with minimal environmental impact.The results suggest that UAV technology, combined with targeted biological treatments, offers a promising alternative to traditional chemical methods, potentially reducing pesticide resistance and ecological harm while maintaining effective pest control.This approach aligns with sustainable agricultural practices and enhances the efficiency of pest management strategies in locust-prone regions.