An Ecofriendly Potentiometric Technique to Measure the Iodine Values of Animal Fats

The development of green analytical methods is becoming increasingly important in today’s world as we strive to reduce our environmental impact. Wijs’s method is one of the analytical experiments used to determine the iodine value in fat/oil contribute to the environmental impact and are not aligned with the growing demand for eco-friendly practices. The problem that is being addressed is the environmental damage caused by the use of toxic chemicals from traditional chemical methods in analytical experiments. The developed green potentiometric method for determining the iodine value in animal fats yielded notable results. Comparative analysis of the iodine values (g I2/100 g of oil) of Silkworm pupae oil (SPO), Black soldier larvae oil (BSLO), Milk scum oil (MSO) and Chicken fat oil (CFO) obtained from the traditional Wijs method (Wijs manual WM and Wijs auto WA) and the green method (Green manual GM and Green auto GA) showed close agreement. Students’t-test and Snedecor F test were performed and confirmed the accuracy of the four methods at a confidence level of 95% and 99%. The comparable results obtained from the green method validate its accuracy and reliability. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis enhanced the understanding of unsaturation levels in animal fats and contributing to a comprehensive assessment of their composition and properties. Moreover, the greenness of analytical procedures was evaluated by Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE). This study advances greener analytical methods and facilitates the analysis of animal fats in various research and industrial applications.