Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Correlation With Age, Disease Duration, and Glycemic Control

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using echocardiography and assess its correlation with age, diabetes duration, and HbA1c levels.Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 90 T2DM patients aged 35-80 years without cardiovascular disease.Echocardiographic parameters including mitral inflow Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging, and pulmonary venous flow were used to assess diastolic function.Results: LVDD was present in 71 (78.89%) patients.The prevalence increased with age, with 100% of patients over 65 years having LVDD.LVDD was found in 91.65% of patients with diabetes duration >16 years compared to 58.9% in those with <5 years duration.Among patients with HbA1c >10%, 83.8% had LVDD versus 70.5% in those with HbA1c 6.4-7%.Grade I LVDD was most common (41.11%), followed by grade II (34.44%) and grade III (3.33%).Significant correlations were observed between LVDD and increasing age, diabetes duration, and HbA1c levels.Conclusion: LVDD is highly prevalent in asymptomatic T2DM patients with preserved systolic function.Its prevalence and severity increase with age, diabetes duration, and poor glycemic control.Echocardiography is a valuable non-invasive tool for early detection of LVDD in T2DM patients.