Exploring the Multifaceted Health Benefits of <i>Tripolium pannonicum</i>: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Prebiotic Properties With Phytochemical Insights

This study investigates the multifaceted potential of Tripolium pannonicum methanolic extract, focusing on its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and prebiotic properties alongside a comprehensive phytochemical analysis. The antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract was demonstrated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and iron ion chelating assays, revealing an IC₅₀ value of 0.073 mg/mL and 5.79 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the prebiotic activity of T. pannonicum was evaluated, showing enhanced growth of probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum and L. fermentum, compared to standard prebiotics, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides. The study also identified 27 bioactive phytochemical compounds in the methanolic extract, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and palmitic acid, which were further explored through molecular docking analyses, revealing significant interactions with the human pregnane X receptor. These findings underscore the potential of T. pannonicum as a sustainable health solution in both agricultural and medicinal contexts, warranting further exploration of its therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action.