Congestion-aware Weighted Sum Routing for Enhanced Network Lifetime in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Conventional Energy-Efficient routing in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs) often compromises network lifespan. This research proposes a congestion-aware routing scheme that improves both energy efficiency and longevity. Unlike existing protocols, our approach uses a weighted sum of five parameters: distance, energy load, link quality, data flow rate, and neighbor density to guide packets along less congested, energy-efficient paths. The reduced Energy Consumption by 5.67 J, lowering End-to-End delay by 0.05-0.35 ms, decreased network overhead by 0.25-0.65% are attained and this will result in extending the operational Network Lifetime as demonstrated by Network Simulator 2 simulations.