Exploring the nexus between corporate agility and sustainable strategy: the role of stakeholder engagement and external forces

This study investigates the impact of shareholder activism, board of directors (BOD) commitment, and corporate agility on sustainable strategy, with customer capability and government regulation as moderating variables. The research addresses a gap in understanding how internal governance factors and external pressures jointly influence sustainability practices. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 147 container depot companies in Indonesia through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that shareholder activism positively influences corporate agility and sustainable strategy, while BOD commitment significantly impacts corporate agility but not directly on sustainable strategy. Furthermore, corporate agility is a key driver of sustainable strategy, with customer capability and government regulation strengthening this relationship. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the moderating roles of customer capability and regulatory frameworks, providing a new perspective on how external forces shape the integration of agility and sustainability in corporate governance.