Math anxiety and math resilience as new challenges in elementary education in the world of cultural and didactic differences

<ns3:p>The article presents the issue of math anxiety and math resilience as new concepts on the ground of elementary education, which is the foundation of further stages of education. Including an emotional component in early math education may be a necessity and a challenge for the learning and teaching process in the modern world, full of cultural and didactic differences, when national migrations entail a number of adaptation requirements. Based on a review of the recent literature, a presentation of the sources, forms and types of math anxiety has been conducted. The theoretical model of math resilience has been proposed with the presentation of its educational potential. The article includes arguments showing math anxiety and math resilience as challenges of contemporary education in the world of differences. The study concludes with practical educational implications of research findings from recent decades.</ns3:p>