Sustainable Solutions for Metro Project Delays: Lean Practices for Enhanced Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production

Construction projects in metro areas often experience big delays, which make the projects take longer, cost more, and use resources less efficiently. Getting rid of these delays is necessary to make the project run more smoothly and waste less material, which is in line with the ideals of smarter production. This study’s goal is to find, examine, and rank the most important reasons that cause Indian metro projects to be late while also suggesting long-term answers that use lean methods. This study is needed because train projects are becoming more complicated, and people want more environmentally friendly building methods. A total of 38 people from the government, business, and other building sectors filled out an organized questionnaire poll that was used to collect data. To get a full picture of the delay factors, a quantitative approach was used. This included a Likert scale, ranking, percentage analysis, the relative importance index (RII), and SPSS analysis. These methods were picked to make sure that the delays were accurately measured and that answers could be put in order of importance. This study found 19 specific reasons for delay and put them into seven main groups. The results show that delays are mostly caused by links to utilities and other equipment outside the building. Lean methods, which focus on reducing waste and making the best use of resources, are suggested as good ways to cut down on these delays and encourage better production in metro building projects.