Charging electric vehicles from the perspective of system operators and grid operators, taking into account the grid-regulating effect of legislation law EnWG §14a

The increasing market penetration of electric vehicles is leading to an increasing load on local low-voltage grids. Due to high simultaneity factors, the power of electric vehicles and heat pumps can exceed the capacity limits of the low-voltage grids, which makes forced switching by the grid operator necessary. In accordance with §14a EnWG, grid operators are authorised to limit power consumption of non-public charging points for electric vehicles and heat pumps in the event of imminent overload to a minimum as part of curative congestion management. In return for providing the shifting potential, the system operator is granted a reduction in grid charges. This research project examines the effects of Modules 1 and 2 on FLO (Field Level Operator) and analyses the costs of charging electric vehicles in particular. As electric vehicles are not charged exclusively at home, the FLO can weigh up which charging use case is most favourable for them depending on the module selected. In addition, the effects of Modules 1 and 2 on the charging costs are described. Based on the results obtained, a recommendation for action is derived for the FLO as to which module is most suitable for him. Furthermore, the effects of the regulation on the DSO (Distribution System Operator) with regard to its key performance indicators (KPIs) of security of supply, grid utilisation and grid stability are examined and a recommendation for action is also made here.