V2X use-case combinations: a comprehensive breakdown

Smart charging use cases for bidirectional electric vehicles in vehicle-to-home or vehicle-to-grid can significantly accelerate sector coupling between the transport and energy sectors. Building on the tried and tested use case methodology and existing use case descriptions, we include additional tools from the unified modelling language to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying processes and interactions. With this paper, we try to structure a large variety of complex use case combinations into a few use case combinations (releases) that, in their entirety, cover the field of possible V2X applications. Applying these tools to the use cases of BDL Next, we discuss how different use cases complement each other and map their interaction, indicating synergies, constraints, conflicts, and transition conditions. To give end customers insight into the processes and benefits of the use cases, we also prepare the customer journey during the usage phase.