Enhancing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies: interoperability in electric vehicles within the framework of the Car2Flex project

For a seamless integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and associated charging infrastructure into the power grid, interoperability within the Electromobility (E-mobility) sector is highly essential. The goal is to ensure the harmonious functionality of all components involved, regardless of the manufacturer or regional differences. This is achieved by standardizing system designs, technologies and communication protocols in order to minimize technical barriers. The Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept allows bidirectional flow of electrical energy between EVs and the power grid, enabling EVs to function as mobile energy storage units. This supports grid services and the optimal utilization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Despite the extensive research and small-scale implementations, there is however, limited experience with scaling V2G technologies and integrating them into comprehensive energy systems. This work aims on researching and analysing the current communication protocols and regulatory frameworks used in E-mobility ecosystems to ensure interoperability. The focus here lies on Austria, where within the framework of the project Car2Flex, diverse testbeds were implemented at country-wide locations including elements like RES and battery energy storage. By addressing the technical and regulatory challenges, this work aims to pave the way for a more resilient and efficient energy system leveraging the full potential of E-mobility and V2G technologies.