Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Convolvulus oxyphyllus</i> Extracts

As a member of the Convolvulaceae family, Convolvulus oxyphyllus is used in many medicinal contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological potency of plant methanolic extracts and determine the main bioactive components that give them their potencies. Using in vitro biological tests, the effects of plant extracts on cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity were investigated. The results showed that C. oxyphyllus methanolic extracts exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, as well as good antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid. Methanolic leaf extract exhibited maximum cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cancer cells, producing cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to further analyze chemical makeup of leaf extract. 3-Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol were among the bioactive substances discovered. In conclusion, C. oxyphyllus leaves extract showed encouraging antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties. More research is needed to determine C. oxyphyllus's therapeutic potential for treating liver cancer.