Enhancing multiple sclerosis diagnosis with eXplainable AI

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder that requires precise diagnosis for effective treatment. This study aims to enhance MS diagnosis by integrating eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques into a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework. The proposed model achieves high accuracy and provides visual explanations of its predictions. Using the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) method, it highlights the most important regions in MRI images influencing the model’s decisions, adding transparency and trust to the diagnostic process. The CNN, trained on a dataset of FLAIR MRI images, demonstrates superior performance compared to existing models, with a final accuracy of 99.36%. This work contributes to the growing field of XAI in healthcare, offering a robust and interpretable tool for MS diagnosis.