Developing strategies to improve METT scores and overall management effectiveness in selected Malaysian protected areas

Effective management of protected areas (PAs) is essential for ensuring long-term sustainability and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this study, we assess the management effectiveness of select PAs in Malaysia using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT). The METT scores were analysed for sites across different IUCN management categories (Categories I, II and V). The analysis determined the variations in the overall METT scores and element scores within and across each management category. Common strengths and weaknesses in the management of the sites were identified across the PAs as well as the most common and major threats across these sites which were 'biological resource use and harm' and 'natural system modifications', respectively. Based on the findings, strategies are proposed to improve the overall management effectiveness and subsequently, the METT scores, including with enhanced research and monitoring and robust stakeholder engagement. The findings underscore the importance of robust management frameworks and continuous monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of PA management.