Association Between Dairy Products Consumption and Esophageal, Stomach, and Pancreatic Cancers in the PANESOES Multi Case–Control Study

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study explored the association between dairy products consumption (total and subgroups) and cancer of the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas within the PANESOES case-control study. <b>Methods:</b> Data from 1229 participants, including 774 incident cases of cancer and 455 controls matched by age, sex, and region, were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, categorizing dairy intake by total and subgroups (fermented dairy, sugary dairy desserts, and milk). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate relative risk ratios (RRRs), adjusting for confounders. <b>Results:</b> We found an inverse association between moderate dairy consumption (T2) and esophageal cancer (RRR _{T2 vs. T1} = 0.59 (95%CI: 0.37-0.96)). The highest tertile (T3) of fermented dairy was associated with a lower risk of esophageal (RRR _{T3 vs. T1} = 0.55 (0.33-0.90)) and stomach cancers (RRR _{T3 vs. T1} = 0.68 (0.47-0.97)). By contrast, the highest tertile of consumption of sugary dairy desserts was associated with a higher risk of stomach cancer (RRR _{T3 vs. T1} = 1.85 (1.30-2.64)). No association was found for milk. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study suggests that fermented dairy may reduce the risk of esophageal and stomach cancers, while sugary dairy desserts may increase the risk of stomach cancer.