Investigating the synergistic effects of gamma-glutamyl transferase with homocysteine, ferritin, and uric acid in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern, with oxidative stress implicated in its onset and progression. This study evaluates the synergistic effects of gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) as a marker of oxidative stress with homocysteine (Hcy), uric acid (UA), and ferritin in T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals. This case-control study included 200 participants, with 100 T2DM patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals from the Ahvaz Pasteur pathology laboratory. Serum glucose and ferritin levels were measured using the Cobas E411 autoanalyzer (ECL method), and γ-GT, Hcy, and UA levels were measured using the Pentra C400 analyzer (photometric method). Data were analyzed using XLSTAT and SPSS software. A significant correlation was found between fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2-h postprandial (2hpp) glucose levels with ferritin serum levels ( P < 0.001, r = 0.419 and P = 0.002, r = 0.290, respectively), indicating ferritin's role in T2DM development. Ferritin levels were significantly related to γ-GT levels ( P < 0.001, r = 0.359) and correlated with Hcy ( P = 0.001, r = 0.336) and UA ( P = 0.02, r = 0.218) in T2DM patients. This study highlights the role of oxidative stress and the synergistic effects of γ-GT and ferritin in T2DM development, underscoring their potential as cost-effective and widely available markers for predicting T2DM in clinical practice. Unlike previous studies, which focused individually on oxidative stress markers, this research uniquely combines γ-GT with Hcy, UA, and ferritin, providing a comprehensive assessment of oxidative stress in T2DM patients. 1. Role of Oxidative Stress in T2DM : The study investigates the role of oxidative stress markers, particularly gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and ferritin, in the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 2. Correlation with Other Biomarkers : Significant correlations were found between ferritin levels and other biomarkers such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-hour postprandial (2hpp) glucose, homocysteine (Hcy), and uric acid (UA) in T2DM patients. 3. Predictive Value in Clinical Practice : The study highlights the potential of γ-GT and ferritin as cost-effective and widely available assays for predicting T2DM in clinical practice • Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Markers: This study investigates the combined effects of γ-GT with Hcy, UA, and ferritin as oxidative stress markers in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. • Significant Correlations Identified: Findings show significant correlations between ferritin levels and both fasting blood sugar and 2-hour postprandial glucose, highlighting ferritin's role in T2DM development. • Synergistic Effects of γ-GT and Ferritin: The study reveals that γ-GT and ferritin levels are significantly related, emphasizing their potential as predictive markers for T2DM. • Comprehensive Assessment: Unlike previous studies, this research provides a comprehensive assessment by combining multiple oxidative stress markers, offering new insights into T2DM prediction and management.