Impact of Obesity on Balance and Musculoskeletal Flexibility in Primary School Children

A bstract Background: Childhood obesity is a growing global health problem affecting children worldwide due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle as children often prefer screen-based indoor activities over physical exercise. In addition, factors such as unhealthy dietary habits, and sleep deprivation, also contribute to weight gain and additional health complications. This study assessed physical impairments associated with obesity in primary school children, specifically flexibility and balance. Materials and Methods: A sample of 128 children aged 6–11 years were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured, and participants were divided into two groups: normal-weight (64 participants) and obese (64 participants). Balance was assessed using the pediatric balance scale (PBS) and the pediatric reach test (PRT). Musculoskeletal flexibility was evaluated by testing calf flexibility using the weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), hamstring flexibility with the V sit and reach test (VSRT), and the active knee extension test. Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in BMI, PBS, PRT, WBLT (right and left leg), VSRT, and active knee extension test (right and left leg), with P < 0.05. Obesity significantly impacts balance and musculoskeletal flexibility in primary school children. Conclusion: This study concludes that children with obesity exhibit impaired balance and reduced calf and hamstring flexibility.