Proximity effects, topological states, and correlated physics in graphene heterostructures

Abstract Graphene spintronics is an emerging field of research that explores the use of graphene’s extraordinary spin and charge transport properties to manipulate and control the electron spin degree of freedom for potential applications in information processing and data storage. Particularly interesting are graphene-based van-der-Waals heterostructures, which allow the creation of tailored spintronic properties, emerging from proximity effects, without destroying the unique Dirac states. The possibility to induce customized spin–orbit and exchange coupling in graphene, via band structure engineering, can lead to topologically protected edge states for dissipationless electronics and spintronics. In flat-band graphene materials, in particular, magic-angle bilayer graphene and rhombohedral (ABC stacked) trilayer graphene, the coupling between spin and valley (orbital) degrees of freedom can be coupled by strong Coulomb interactions, leading to a variety of fascinating correlated and superconducting phases. The emerging isospin electronics, combining both the electron spin and valley flavors, can transform the landscape of low-temperature electronics and lead to novel functionalities based on quantum matter. This Perspective explores the latest advancements in proximity effects, topological states, and correlated physics in graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures, discussing the fundamentals for potential applications.