Characteristics of thermal radiation on Darcy-Forchheimer flow of trihybrid nanofluid over Riga plate with bioconvection and viscous dissipation

The purpose of this research is to inspect the characteristics of heat generation on Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Al2O3+TiO2+COFe2O4/ water based trihybrid in the presence of Oxytactic and gyrotactic microbes through a Riga plate with viscous dissipation. The higher order chemical reaction is incorporated in concentration equation. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and cobalt iron oxide (COFe2O4) nanoparticles are used in a trihybrid nanofluid that also contains water as a base fluid. This model is particularly helpful in optimizing cooling mechanisms in industrial equipment, such as high-performance mechanical systems, automotive engines, and microelectronics, where effective heat removal is essential. The trihybrid nanofluid's special thermal characteristics improve heat dissipation and thermal conductivity, which makes it perfect for applications needing exact thermal control. Further broadening its applicability across multiple engineering disciplines, the integration of bioconvection provides insights for bioengineering and biomedical equipment where regulated temperature settings are required. With the aid of an appropriate transformation, the generated PDEs, which are extremely nonlinear, complex, and related, are converted into ODEs. The transformed ODEs are numerically resolved using the shooting technique (Bvp4c). The Darcy-Forchheimer factors cause the thermal of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids to rise and their velocity to decrease. As the Lewis number increases, the profile of oxytactic microbes drastically decline. The hybrid nanofluid's liquid phase heat transfer rate rises by 12.21% and the trihybrid nanofluid's by 23% when the volume percentage of nanoparticles is increased from 0.01 to 0.026.