Computational analysis to explore the significance of magnetic field on hybrid nanofluid in a circular cavity with embedded heated fin

Abstract Enclosure design cavities have a significant impact on thermal engineering methods and technologies, including electronics, power engines, thermal exchangers, heating systems, nuclear facilities and solar panels. This study aims to investigate the impact of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">MgO</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">Ag</mml:mi> </mml:math> hybrid nanofluid inside a circular cavity under the influence of an inclined magnetic field over the heated fin. The circular cavity containing the fin is maintained at a high temperature, while the circular object acts as an isothermal heat generation. The area between the circular cavity and the fin is filled with a hybrid nanofluid ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">MgO</mml:mi> </mml:math> -water and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">Ag</mml:mi> </mml:math> -water). The open-source finite element tool COMSOL is used to calculate the numerical solution for the simulated mathematical framework. The dynamic phenomena and related heat transfer properties are explored by the method at various control parameters, including Rayleigh numbers from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">1</mml:mn> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , Hartmann numbers from 0 to 70, as well as magnetic field strength, and includes inclination angles from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathcolor="#0D0D0D">o</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">1</mml:mn> <mml:mn mathcolor="#0D0D0D">80</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathcolor="#0D0D0D" mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> degrees. A visual representation of the local streamline distribution, isotherm, and entropy generation along with the average Nusselt number ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">Nu</mml:mi> </mml:math> ) is provided. This indicates that the thermal process is controlled by the fin heat source. The highest impulse heat transfer is achieved with the least flow resistance, especially with the inverted fin.