Geomorphosites and geomorphological maps applied to public use, tourism and natural heritage management in the Rio Lobos Natural Park (Spain)

Managing geotourism in natural protected areas is challenging, especially in rural areas facing depopulation and economic decline, as well as overcrowding in specific locations. Geotourism assessments of geomorphosites, previously inventoried and evaluated, is crucial for understanding potential public use and has been implemented worldwide. In this work conducted in Río Lobos Natural Park in Castilla y León, Spain, a geotourism assessment of geomorphosites was applied, and a geomorphological map was created to identify areas with geomorphological and landscape values while addressing overcrowding. The objective was to identify and evaluate geomorphosites using the geomorphological map as a tool for spatial management of Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) in crowded areas, integrating geomorphosites with tourism potential into the park's attractions. The geomorphological map facilitated the analysis of the territory, selection of key geomorphosites and areas of interest, and assessment of their tourism potential. Information from geomorphology and geomorphosites was used to develop a map highlighting areas with significant geomorphological and landscape values, useful for park managers and visitors. • Geomorphological maps are essential for understanding geomorphosites context and intrinsic values from a spatial and territorial perspective. • Geomorphological knowledge is crucial for improving the management of NPAs. • The combination of geomorphological mapping and geomorphosites analysis has proven to be a valuable method for identifying, evaluating and selecting of geotouristic sites. • The educational and tourist values of geomorphosites should be assessed and related to cultural and human elements in NPAs. • Geomorphosites can be utilized to expand the range of recreational, educational and geotourist activities for the diversification of the visited places.