Effects of Sparkling Water Stimulation on Gastric Electrical Response Activity

Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive and affordable measurement technique that measured the myoelectric activity of the stomach using a surface electrode placed on the surface skin of the stomach area. Gastric myoelectric activity (GEA) consists of two main components, namely slow waves or Electrical Control Activity (ECA) and potential spikes or Electrical Response Activity (ERA). The ECA range frequency is normally between 2 to 4 cycles per minute (cpm) with an increase in amplitude after meals. Sparkling water has been shown to be useful in treating gastrointestinal issues. This study aims to investigate the effects of sparkling water stimulation on ERA based on EGG approach. EGG recording were made with three-channel unipolar in a standardized environment and sparkling water were used for ingestion stimulation. Ten healthy participants with no digestive problems were recruited for this study. Initially, the recording was divided into three periods i.e. fasting, postprandial 1, and postprandial 2 with 10 min recording time for each period. EGG signal analyses were processed using Welch Power Spectral Density Analysis based on Fast Fourier transform (FFT). After sparkling water stimulation, there is a significant difference in the first postprandial periods with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{p} &lt; 0.05$</tex> for ECA dominant frequency (DF). The dominant power (DP) showed an increase but no significant difference was indicated. Moreover, on ERA range frequency the results were surprisingly shown there are significant increases with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{p} &lt; 0.01$</tex> in both postprandial periods. Our result suggests that ERA reflection was induced by sparkling water stimulation and is solely responsible for gastric motility.