Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Characteristics over Random Rough Sea Surfaces

The rough sea surfaces significantly impact the scattering of electromagnetic waves within marine evaporation ducts, adversely affecting the accuracy and reliability of radar or optical remote sensing technologies. This paper addresses the influence of rough sea surface contours on electromagnetic wave propagation within marine evaporation ducts and proposes a computational method for electromagnetic wave propagation in maritime duct environments. This method integrates the scattering characteristics of rough sea surfaces and the impact of sea surface geometry, allowing for more accurate simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation over rough sea surfaces within marine evaporation ducts. The proposed method extends the existing rough sea surface Miller-Brown model by incorporating a terrain-like model to account for the wave shape's masking effect on electromagnetic waves. It begins by selecting the Elfouhaily sea spectrum model, using linear superposition to simulate a three-dimensional sea surface and calculating a two-dimensional ocean profile, followed by the parabolic equation method to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation over rough sea surfaces in evaporation ducts. Simulation results indicate that with increasing wind speed, the wave contour's blocking effect on electromagnetic waves intensifies, leading to increased propagation loss. Compared to the traditional Miller-Brown model, considering wave contour interference results in a 20dB increase in propagation loss at corresponding positions.