Vehicle Overload Warning Method Based on GNSS Displacement Signals of Long-Span Bridges

The deflection response can intuitively express the influence of bridge vehicles on the structural deformation, which is usually used as an important basis for evaluating the bearing capacity of long-span bridge structures. Firstly, the frequency-domain characteristics of vehicle-induced quasi-static displacement responses within the corresponding allowable highway speed are obtained by the transient finite element analysis. Using the adaptive variational mode decomposition and the time window technique, the live-load periods (i.e. the quasi-static response range) and the dead-load periods are accurately separated from the original Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical displacement signal. By analyzing the displacement signal during the dead-load periods, the statistical time-domain characteristics of the GNSS multipath effect can be acknowledged. Then the warning limits of the GNSS deflection signal are obtained. Finally, the proposed vehicle overload warning method is validated by a 660m-long suspension bridge.