The Growing Importance of Alternative Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigation in Response to Escalating GNSS Attacks

In recent years, the frequency and sophistication of attacks on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have increased, posing a significant threat to both military and civilian sectors. This paper analyzes the historical evolution and current methods of these attacks and highlights critical vulnerabilities. Detailed case studies from the aviation, maritime, automotive and military sectors illustrate the severity of the impacts on navigation and communication systems. Various countermeasures are discussed, including advanced anti-jamming technologies, GNSS authentication methods and policy initiatives to enhance system resilience. Promising alternative navigation technologies, that are less dependent on GNSS, are also examined. By highlighting the critical research being conducted within the Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN) community, the paper emphasizes the importance of developing robust indoor positioning and seamless navigation to complement GNSS. This work serves as a call to action for continued innovation and investment in secure and reliable navigation systems with alternative solutions.