Determinants of cariogenic risk in school-aged children: Implications for dental health

Dental health is fundamental for overall well-being, affecting individuals' functional capacity, self-esteem, and quality of life from childhood. Caries, an infectious and chronic disease, are prevalent across all ages and especially common among children. This research at the “Hispano América” educational unit in Ambato aims to evaluate the determinants of cariogenic risk in school-aged children using fuzzy cognitive maps. The study, with a cross-sectional observational and descriptive design, employs a caries assessment tool questionnaire to identify cariogenic risk factors, such as dietary habits and oral hygiene practices. A stratified random sample of children was conducted, and interviews with parents and caregivers were carried out. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical techniques, which helped model the interactions between risk factors. The results indicate that limited access to dental services and high sugar consumption are the main determinants of cariogenic risk. Additionally, deficiencies in dental hygiene practices and oral health education were identified. Comprehensive strategies are proposed, including improving access to dental services, promoting oral hygiene habits, and ongoing oral health education both at home and in school. The study highlights the importance of addressing cariogenic risks in a personalized manner and emphasizes that effective interventions significantly improve dental health and quality of life for children