Kidney function assessment in wistar rats: The role of Dalium guineense and Annona muricata in modulating water balance, urinary biomarkers, and kidney histology

This study assessed the renal effects of Dialium guineense and Annona muricata extracts on female Wistar rats, exploring their potential roles in kidney health. Given limited research on these extracts’ impacts on kidney biomarkers and tissue structure, this study investigated water balance, renal biomarkers, and kidney histology after 30 days of treatment. Rats were divided into four groups: Dialium guineense (100 mg/kg), Annona muricata (100 mg/kg), a combination (50 mg/kg each), and a control. Following 30 days of exposure, water and urine output were measured, with urine samples analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for protein, creatinine, and protein/creatinine ratios. Blood samples were collected, and kidney tissue was obtained following standard methods for histological examination. Results showed an increased urinary protein across all treated groups, with Dialium guineense showing the highest levels. Urinary creatinine levels decreased, especially in the Dialium guineense group, leading to elevated protein-creatinine ratios in both Dialium guineense and Annona muricata groups. Blood analysis showed slight but non-significant increases in uric acid and magnesium, a slight calcium increases in the Annona muricata group, and a significant sodium decrease in the combination treatment group. Histological examination revealed intact kidney structure, indicating no nephrotoxicity from the treatments. These findings suggest that, while the extracts affect specific renal biomarkers, they do not compromise kidney structure, supporting their potential as safe options in traditional medicine. Further studies are recommended to explore their long-term safety and mechanisms of action.