Setting Condition of Traffic Low-Emissions Zone and Pricing Excessive Emissions Based on a Complete Information Dynamic Game

Low-emissions zone (LEZ) is a crucial emissions reduction policy to achieve the dual-carbon goal in the field of transport, but a scientific decision-making system for LEZ setting and excessive emissions fine pricing has yet to be developed. Based on the complete information dynamic game theory, this study analyzes the relationship between transport sector and high-emissions vehicle drivers and identifies the mixed-strategy game equilibrium for LEZ setting condition. Then, within the suitable scope for LEZ policy, a Stackelberg model is applied to determine the optimal pricing for excessive emissions fine. At last, a case simulated by an agent-based model validates the effectiveness of LEZ fine pricing model.