Analysis and Assessment of Coupling Effects of Multiple Risk Factors in Urban Rail Transit Operation

To effectively manage operational accident risks in urban rail transit and enhance safety for individuals and property, this article focuses on risk assessment in urban rail transit systems. It conducts a scenario analysis using real-life cases, categorizing risk factors in rail transit operations into four categories: personnel, equipment and facilities, environment, and management. Utilizing the DEMATEL-ISM model, it establishes a hierarchical structure and interaction pathways among these risk factors. It also dissects the coupling effects and the probability of risk coupling from both single-factor, double-factor, and multi-factor perspectives, incorporating the N-K model. The results highlight that equipment and management factors are the key drivers directly impacting the safety of rail transit operations. When considering multi-factor risk coupling, the likelihood of rail transit accidents significantly increases. Therefore, controlling and mitigating the coupling of multiple factors is a vital step to reduce the occurrence of operational accidents in urban rail transit.