Optimization of Train Operation Plan with Virtual Coupling Compositions for Urban Rail Transit

With the continuous expansion of urban rail transit lines, the diversity and unevenness of passenger demands have become more noticeable. To tackle this challenge, we propose an optimization model for the virtual coupling composition mode in urban rail transit. Our objective is to minimize passenger waiting time and train operating mileage cost. To simplify the model, we employ the linear weighting method, transforming the original model into a single-objective formulation and solving it using Lingo optimization software. The validity of the model is confirmed through an example, which demonstrates the significant advantages of the virtual coupling compositions mode over traditional fixed train compositions modes. The virtual coupling compositions mode enhances the line’s carrying capacity, reduces enterprise operating costs, and improves passenger service. This study provides evidence that adopting the virtual coupling compositions mode can effectively address the challenges posed by diverse and uneven passenger demands in URT systems.