Research on Spatial Agglomeration Characteristics of Rail Transit Station Area Based on GIS Spatial Analysis

In China, the rail transit station area forms a cluster of urban elements like commerce, people flow, and logistics under “Transit-Oriented Development” mode. Taking Beijing Metro Line 6 as an example, this paper uses GIS analysis method to explore the spatial agglomeration characteristics of business type, population, and land use in rail transit station area. The index set of influencing factors of spatial agglomeration was established from three levels, station conditions, station traffic conditions, and station land use conditions, and the maximum driving factors of spatial agglomeration characteristics were explored by using typical correlation analysis. The results demonstrate that the opening of the rail line enhances spatial agglomeration over time. Spatially, industrial agglomeration shifts from 400–600 m to 0–200 m, population concentration is highest at 200–400 m, and land agglomeration shifts from 400–600 m to 200–400 m. Average daily passenger flow is identified as the main driving force for spatial agglomeration in the station area.