Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles from Neem Leaves Extract Exhibit Antioxidant and Renal Responses During <i>Eimeria papillata</i> Infection

Background A protozoan disease termed coccidiosis is common worldwide and affects both domestic and wild animals. New alternatives must be discovered because traditional coccidiostats are becoming less effective. More recently, nanomedicine has been a better option for treating a wide range of diseases. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the role of biosynthesized selenium nano-particles (Bio-SeN) utilizing neem leaf extract on the outcome of renal damage caused by murine coccidiosis. Materials and Methods In this study, 25 mice were employed, and five groups (five mice/group) were formed: Group 1, this group is considered as control; Group 2, this group was noninfected and received Bio-SeN for 5 days; and Groups 3, 4, and 5: infected groups received 10 3 Eimeria papillata oocysts. Following that, for 5 days, Group 4 was administered Bio-SeN, while Group 5 was given amprolium (120 mg/kg). On the fifth day post-infection (p.i.), oocyst output, as well as body weight, was recorded, and mice were euthanized so that blood could be drawn for biochemical examination. The kidneys were also removed to prepare histological sections and homogenate for the determination of oxidative damage markers. Results The results demonstrated that by day 5 p.i., mice treated with Bio-SeN after infection with E. papillata had significantly reduced oocyst output in their feces. Body weight gain was significantly reduced by Eimeria infection to −6.07%, and it improved to −3.64% with Bio-SeN treatment. Significant degenerative alterations in the form of vacuolation and inflammatory infiltration in the renal tubules, together with the presence of erythrocytes in some blood sinusoids, were linked to infection. Furthermore, the infected mice’s protein and carbohydrate contents were disturbed by the infection. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in the kidneys significantly increased as a result of the Eimeria infection. In the infected mice, these alterations result in oxidative damage. During the Bio-SeN treatment, all of these infection-induced parameters show significant changes. Conclusion Overall, our findings show that Bio-SeNs significantly exhibit a significant in vivo renal response against murine coccidiosis.