Modeling the Conditions of Occurrence and State of Radial Cracks in Rock Specimens Under Axial Compression with Lateral Pressure

This paper presents a model for predicting the thickness of the cracked surface layer in rock specimens subjected to axial compression with lateral pressure. The study focuses on radial cracks that are most prominently open on the lateral surface, manifesting as axial (or longitudinal) cracks on this surface. The research employs methods for analyzing mechanical and geotechnical systems. The proposed model determines the conditions under which damage to the surface layer decreases depending on Poisson’s ratio and lateral pressure. Radial cracks typically precede spalling, making it crucial to examine the conditions of their initiation and the potential for influencing their development, and this holds significant importance for mining and underground construction practices. A comparison indicated that the predicted values and those reported in the literature for the thickness of the damaged surface layer in rock pillars are within a similar range, varying from 44% to 70% of the initial cross-sectional radius. Although this study focuses on rock materials, the proposed model also offers potential applications in examining crack formation in cement and geopolymer concretes, serving as artificial analogs of rock, thereby helping to mitigate the risk of structural failure in building systems.