Evaluating Antibiotic Resistance in the Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Avian Species

The avian population plays a vital role as both a reservoir and sentinel for numerous pathogens. Antimicrobials are widely used for the treatment and control of infections in avian species. However, inappropriate selection, irrational use of these antibiotics may contribute to the development of drug resistance in population. This research evaluates the Antibiogram of Chlamydia psittaci, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pasteurella multocida isolated from caged and free-living birds. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar, according to instructions by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Chlamydia psittaci exhibited sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole (22mm), azithromycin (21mm), doxycycline (20mm) and gentamicin (15mm). In contrast, penicillin G, oxacillin, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol were ineffective. Escherichia coli shown azithromycin (20mm), doxycycline (16mm) and gentamicin (15mm) were most effective. Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated high sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole (20mm) and doxycycline (18mm), and showing complete resistance to oxacillin and rifampin. Pasteurella multocida exhibited the highest susceptibility to doxycycline (21mm), sulfamethoxazole (20mm), amoxicillin (20mm), chloramphenicol (19mm), norfloxacin (18mm) and gentamicin (16mm). Staphylococcus epidermidis demonstrated high sensitivity to norfloxacin (23mm), doxycycline (23mm), oxacillin (22mm), chloramphenicol (22mm), sulfamethoxazole (17mm) and gentamicin (15mm). The current study reveals sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and azithromycin were highly effective antibiotics against the bacterial pathogens infecting avian species. Penicillin G, amoxicillin, oxacillin, and ampicillin were resistant against the identified bacterial species.