Constructing Ultra-High Current Direct-Current Tribo-Photovoltaic Nanogenerators via Cu/Perovskite Schottky Junction

Perovskite-based direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC-TENGs) leveraging the tribo-photovoltaic effect have garnered significant attention for their ability to simultaneously harvest mechanical and solar energy, effectively enhancing the output performance of DC-TENGs. Herein, we innovatively construct a rolling-mode Cu/ternary cation perovskite (FA_0.945MA_0.025Cs_0.03Pb(I_0.975Br_0.025)₃) Schottky junction DC-TENGs with ultrahigh current output and excellent operational stability. The Cu/perovskite Schottky junction ensures the formation of an internal electric field, promoting carrier separation and directional movement for a stable DC output. Under AM 1.5 G illumination, the DC-TENG achieves a short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc) and current density of 408 μA and 27.2 A/m², respectively, marking a 119 times increase as compared to dark conditions and the highest reported <i>I</i>_sc for perovskite DC-TENGs. With over 30 min of operation, the current output remains stable. The DC-TENGs exhibit promising applications in temperature and humidity sensing and self-powered photodetection. Furthermore, by adjusting the light power density, the optimal internal output impedance of DC-TENGs can be tuned broadly from 0.9 to 132 kΩ, offering great potential for impedance matching in self-powered microelectronic components. This research provides insights into the development of multifunctional DC-TENG devices with coupled mechanical and solar energy, expanding the application scope of perovskite materials and devices.