Analysis of chemical, mineralogical, and physical properties of Neogene clays from Krivodol Formation, NW Bulgaria

Clays are essential across industries due to their chemical, mineralogical, and physical properties. They also create favorable conditions for the activation of landslides and soil subsidence during construction activities.. Understanding their characteristics is crucial for improving industrial efficiency and reducing environmental risks. This paper examines the mineralogical, chemical and physical properties of Neogene clays from the Rakevo wedge in the Krivodol Formation, with a focus on their suitability for industrial applications and environmental stability. The results show significant mineral diversity, including dominant phases with quartz, kaolinites, smectites, and, notably in certain samples, high aragonite content, influencing each sample’s technical performance and susceptibility to environmental hazards. Physical parameters such as water content, plasticity, and grain size distribution indicate that the clays from the area of Golemanovo village, which exhibits the highest clay minerals content are most suitable for ceramics. In addition, the high aragonite content in samples from the area of Dimovo town poses potential instability risks where water infiltration may lead to structural weakening of the slopes. Findings underscore the importance of detailed mineralogical, chemical and physical characterization in determining the clays performance for industrial use and in natural risk management strategies.