Changes in Body Mass Index during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Indonesian Adolescents: The Role of Sex, Urban Area, Baseline BMI, and Appetitive Traits

Indonesian adolescents appeared to decrease in terms of zBMI during COVID-19, particularly females and adolescents with higher pre-COVID-19 zBMI. Our findings suggest that (culturally-specific) contextual changes (i.e., less exposure to the Indonesian food environment at schools and more exposure to the home environment) might have a beneficial impact in terms of preventing overweight among Indonesian adolescents, particularly among those being more vulnerable (i.e., having higher baseline zBMI).