Ancient biomolecular analysis of 39 mammoth individuals from Kostenki 11-Ia elucidates Upper Palaeolithic human resource use
Circular structures made from woolly mammoth bones are found across Ukraine and west Russia, yet the origin of the bones remains uncertain. We present ten new mammoth radiocarbon dates from the largest circular structure at Kostenki 11-Ia, identifying two mammoth mandibles ∼200–1200 years older than the other dated materials from the site, suggesting skeletal material from long-dead individuals was scavenged and used in the site construction. Biomolecular sexing of 30 individuals showed a predominance of females, suggesting the Kostenki mammoths are primarily from herds. We identify seven mitochondrial lineages across 16 samples, and thus the mammoths are not all from the same matriline. Integrating biomolecular sexing with stable δ 13 C and δ 15 N isotope analysis, we find no isotopically-differentiated resource use by females and males, providing the first analysis of foraging differences between sexes in any Late Pleistocene megafauna. Our study highlights the significance of integrating ancient biomolecular approaches in archaeological inference.
Authors
- Tess Wilson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-6159)
- Frido Welker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-6104)
- Mathew A. Teeter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-9911)
- Ashot Margaryan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2576-2429)
- Deon de Jager (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-2624)
- Paul Szpak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-6834)
- Eline D. Lorenzen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-2819)
- Ruslan Khaskhanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-633X)
- Alba Rey‐Iglesia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-9185)
- Gaudry Troché (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0404-4030)
- Alexander E. Dudin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5677)
- Alexander J.E. Pryor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1669-3513)
- Louise Le Meillour (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-2781)
Institutions
- University of Exeter (GB)
- V. Peskov Voronezhsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve (RU)
- Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Disease Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RU)
- Globe Institute of Technology (US)
- Trent University (CA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Quaternary Environments and Humans
- Published
- 2024-12-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100049
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 11.70
Funders
- Villum Fonden
- European Commission
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- European Research Council
- Horizon 2020