Localization and Diagnosis of Short-Circuit Faults in Transformer Windings Injected by Damped Oscillatory Wave

Power transformers, as critical components in regional power distribution and transmission systems, require early fault detection to ensure system reliability. This paper presents a scalable design capable of rapidly simulating winding faults in experimental transformers. By diagnosing three-phase transformer winding short-circuit faults using oscillatory shock voltages and numerical statistical methods, the relationship between the transfer function and winding short-circuit faults is investigated. The experimental results show that winding short-circuit faults cause significant changes in the transfer function curve. By analyzing transfer function variations across different phases, the location of a fault can be effectively determined. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient and absolute logarithmic deviation provide a clear indication of the fault severity. The transfer function of the high-voltage phase-to-phase is particularly sensitive to winding short-circuit faults. In non-fault phases, after the application of damped oscillatory waves, the transfer function correlation coefficient becomes negative and the absolute logarithmic deviation increases linearly with fault severity. These findings provide a rapid diagnostic solution for determining both the faulty phase and the severity of damage in three-phase transformer winding short-circuit faults.