Analyzing the effectiveness of public policies for the growth of the photovoltaic energy market in Brazil

Brazil has significant potential for photovoltaic energy development due to its favorable geographical conditions and public policies such as PROINFA and Law 14.300/2022. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies in fostering the sector’s growth, identifying challenges, and proposing improvements for more equitable and sustainable development. A mixed-method approach was applied, combining qualitative analysis of legislative documents and policies with quantitative analysis of historical data on installed capacity and electricity generation. The findings reveal that initiatives like ICMS tax exemptions and renewable energy auctions have been instrumental in driving distributed generation. However, economic barriers, such as high initial costs, and regulatory challenges, including the lack of standards for photovoltaic waste recycling, hinder sector expansion. Comparisons with international markets, such as Germany and the US, indicate that stronger policies, stable regulations, and accessible financial incentives are essential for consolidating growth. This article proposes strategies to enhance financing mechanisms, streamline regulatory processes, and develop a circular economy, aiming to foster an inclusive and sustainable photovoltaic market in Brazil.