Reproductive Health Among School Employees in Vijayapura, Karnataka

Background Cervical cancer typically progresses over 10-20 years, making it a preventable disease and underscoring the importance of screening. In low-resource settings, Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) serve as primary screening tools. This study was conducted as part of the noncommunicable disease camps organized by the government of Karnataka, India. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to contraception among women of reproductive age. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2022 in primary health centers, community health centers, and government schools across all the Talukas of Vijayapura District, Karnataka, India. A total of 6,257 women participated in the study. The researchers interviewed all participants, obtained detailed medical histories, and performed pelvic examinations as part of the evaluation. Additionally, they conducted both VIA and Pap smears. Results A total of 6,257 women were sensitized for cervical cancer screening, of whom 5,114 registered, resulting in an acceptance rate of 81.73%. However, 1,143 participants (18.27%) refused screening, with the most common reason being unwillingness to undergo an examination. Only 3,316 women (53.91%) were aware of cervical cancer, and just 1,689 (27.1%) understood that it could be detected at an early stage. The VIA results indicated that 9.1% (n = 865) of the women tested positive. Among those screened, seven women (0.1%) were found to have a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Of these, four underwent colposcopy-guided biopsy, while three were lost to follow-up; all four biopsies were negative for malignancy. Additionally, two women presented with apparent cervical growths. Regarding contraceptive practices, 2,690 women (43.3%) expressed support for using contraception, with the permanent method of sterilization being the most preferred by 1,990 women (74.13%). Conclusions Screening with basic investigations such as Pap smears and VIA plays a crucial role in identifying premalignant and malignant lesions at their earliest stages, enabling timely treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Additionally, most women opt for permanent contraception once they have completed their families.