EVALUATION OF MORPHO-IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF A LOCAL FOCUS OF CHRONIC PERIAPICAL INFLAMMATION IN DENTAL INTRAOSSEOUS IMPLANTATION

Subject of study. In the current period, complex rehabilitation of patients with orthopedic structures supported by intraosseous dental implants is the leading method. Clinical situations of implant placement in areas of chronic periapical inflammation aren’t uncommon, while destructive forms of chronic periodontitis are characterized by processes that affect innate immunological reactions, which, in turn, affects osteoreparative processes, contributing to bone loss and complications. To minimize bone loss in the area of the extracted tooth, various methods of alveolar ridge preservation are currently proposed, however, there is a shortage of studies that study the quality of bone tissue and the inflammatory component. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the morphological and immunological indicators of the focus of chronic periapical inflammation in various forms of chronic periodontitis for dental intraosseous implantation using a delayed protocol. Methodology. The study, characterized by a two-component design, included a clinical and laboratory examination of 60 dental patients. The first stage was a study of the indicators of phagocytosis of neutrophils in the separated tooth socket and a histological study of trephine biopsy specimens of the alveolar bone with calculation of the inflammation index in various forms of chronic periodontitis; at the second stage, 12–14 weeks after tooth extraction, before implant installation, the morphological characteristics of the bone biomaterial were studied, conducting a comparative analysis of the indicators of patients with socket preservation using the generally accepted method and without preservation. Results. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that predictors of inflammatory complications were found in patients. regardless of the form of chronic periodontitis: significantly increased rates of wound neutrophil phagocytosis, and a histological index of bone tissue inflammation higher than the control data. The study of morphological parameters before the installation of intraosseous dental implants in patients with conservation of the socket of extracted teeth with chronic periodontal foci according to the generally accepted method made it possible to register histological signs of chronic intraosseous inflammation that persisted after 12–14 weeks.