Analysis of the SPS Modulation Technique for Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge Converter in Electric Vehicles

Implementing renewable energy sources and adopting electric vehicles (EVs) in transportation offer sustainable solutions that do not emit greenhouse gases and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. An efficient charging infrastructure is crucial to maximize the advantages of EVs, supported by power electronics that minimize energy losses and extend vehicle range, accelerating their integration and reducing environmental impact. The Dual Active Bridge Converter (DAB) is preferred in modern energy systems due to its high efficiency, bidirectionality, and galvanic isolation, making it ideal for EV charging stations. This study presents the equations and waveforms of the DAB controlled by the SPS switching technique. Through a simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK, a DAB with a 100-volt battery on the primary side and a 12-volt battery on the secondary side is analyzed, observing the state of charge of the batteries and the characteristic signals of the SPS technique when changing the direction of power flow in the converter.