Efficient Electrode Arrangement for Presenting Phosphenes in Both Upper and Lower Visual Fields

Methods of presenting visual information, known as phosphenes, to visually impaired people have been researched. Phosphenes are perceived by applying electrical stimulation to the visual pathway, and the position of the electrodes can control the presentation position. However, presenting one phosphenes requires two electrodes, and presenting multiple phosphenes requires placing many electrodes on the face. Therefore, this study discusses a method that reduces the number of electrodes placed in the limited space on the human face and presents multiple phosphenes.