Single-Stage Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Power Generation System Using Finite Set Model Predictive Control

The design of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems has recently gained attention due to its ability to minimize overall losses and reduce installation costs. This study proposes a novel control strategy for a single-stage grid-connected PV system that integrates Finite Set Model Predictive Control (FSC-MPC) with the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. The objective is to maximize power extraction from the PV panels while maintaining stable output current characteristics. The proposed strategy eliminates the need for a DC/DC conversion stage, thereby reducing the losses typically associated with boost converters. To predict the current under different voltage vectors, an FSC-MPC approach is employed. The optimal voltage vector is selected based on a cost function, and the corresponding optimal switching strategy is applied to the semiconductor switches within the inverter. The controller is further tested under varying irradiance conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively tracks the Maximum Power Point (MPP) and injects the extracted PV power into the grid with high current quality, even under fluctuating irradiance.